Brake pads, as core components of the braking system, directly impact driving safety. In humid environments, brake pads are prone to deterioration in braking performance and even safety hazards due to moisture penetration, oxidation, and corrosion. Therefore, a multi-dimensional protective system is needed, encompassing material selection, routine maintenance, and driving habits, to ensure stable brake pad performance in humid conditions.
In humid environments, the friction between the brake pads and brake discs is significantly reduced due to moisture. Water molecules form a lubricating film on the friction surface, leading to increased braking distance and even dangerous situations where braking is impossible. Furthermore, moisture accelerates the oxidation process of the brake pad's metal substrate, forming a rust layer and further weakening friction performance. Prolonged exposure to humid environments can also cause the organic friction materials inside the brake pads to expand and deform due to moisture absorption, affecting their fit with the brake disc and resulting in brake vibration or abnormal noise.
Choosing brake pads with moisture-resistant properties is fundamental to preventing deterioration in braking performance. High-quality brake pads typically use special formulations, such as low-metal ceramics or NAO (asbestos-free organic) materials. These materials not only have stable friction performance but also effectively resist moisture erosion. For example, low-metal ceramic brake pads enhance thermal conductivity by adding metal fibers and employ a waterproof coating to isolate moisture; NAO materials reduce hygroscopicity by optimizing resin binders, preventing performance degradation due to moisture. Furthermore, some high-end brake pads incorporate rust-inhibiting additives into the friction layer to further slow down the oxidation process of the metal substrate.
Regular cleaning of the brake system is crucial for maintaining braking performance. In humid environments, impurities such as mud and dust easily adhere to the brake pad surface, mixing with moisture to form abrasive particles that accelerate brake pad wear. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly rinse the brake discs and the area around the wheel hubs with a high-pressure water gun, avoiding critical areas such as the brake calipers and brake lines to prevent moisture intrusion and damage. Simultaneously, a professional brake system cleaner can be used with a soft brush to remove dirt and rust from the brake pad surface, ensuring a smooth and even friction surface. After cleaning, it is recommended to drive at low speeds and lightly apply the brakes to utilize the frictional heat to evaporate any remaining moisture and restore braking performance.
Driving habits significantly impact brake pad performance in humid environments. After driving in rain or through water, avoid prolonged parking. Restart the vehicle as soon as possible to prevent brake pads from hardening due to static moisture. While driving, lightly apply the brakes occasionally; the friction will generate heat to evaporate moisture, preventing brake failure due to the "water film effect" when braking suddenly. Maintaining an appropriate speed and following distance reduces the frequency of emergency braking, decreasing brake pad wear and preventing moisture buildup from sudden braking.
The quality of brake fluid directly affects the pressure transmission efficiency of the braking system. In humid environments, brake fluid easily absorbs moisture from the air, lowering its boiling point. Frequent braking can cause brake fluid to boil at high temperatures, creating vapor lock, making the brake pedal softer and increasing braking distance. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the brake fluid level and quality. If the level is too low or the fluid is cloudy, replace it with brake fluid that meets the vehicle's specifications. It is generally recommended to change brake fluid every two years or after a certain mileage to ensure good moisture resistance and boiling point stability.
Prolonged parking in humid environments increases the risk of brake pad corrosion. If conditions permit, park your vehicle in a high-lying, dry, and well-ventilated garage or parking lot, avoiding low-lying, waterlogged areas. Before parking, pump the brakes several times to use frictional heat to dissipate residual moisture from the brake discs and pads, reducing the chance of rust. For vehicles parked for extended periods, consider removing the brake pads and storing them properly, or applying a rust inhibitor to the brake discs to form a protective film against moisture.
Maintaining brake pad performance in humid environments is a systematic process requiring comprehensive measures including material selection, cleaning and maintenance, driving habits, brake fluid management, and parking environment. Through scientific protection and regular maintenance, brake pad aging can be effectively slowed down, ensuring stable and reliable braking performance in humid environments and providing a solid guarantee for driving safety.
